History of Psychology
- The word psychology is derived from the Greek word: Psyche (soul) + Logos (study) = Study of Soul
- The word “Psychology” means the science of the mind.
- Psychology originated from Philosophy.
- William Wundt established the first psychology laboratory in 1879 AD in Leipzig, Germany.
- The first experimental psychology laboratory in the USA was established by G. Stanley Hall in 1883 at Johns Hopkins University.
- In 1916, India’s first psychology laboratory was established at Calcutta University under the leadership of Dr. N.N. Sen Gupta.
- Father of Psychology – William Wundt
- The word ‘Psychology’ is used for the first time by Rudolf Göckel, German scholastic philosopher, in his book Psychologia published in 1590.
Ideologies of the Psychology
Psychology of the Soul: 1st school of Psychology (-16th century)
Supporters: Plato, Aristotle, Descartes, Socrates, etc. PADS
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The Science of the Mind: 2nd school of Psychology (17th-18th century)
Supporters: John Locke (Tabula Rasa- Blank State), Pampology, Thomas Reed, Immanuel Kant, etc.
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Science of Consciousness: 3rd school of Psychology (19th century)
Supporters: William Wundt, E.B. Titchner, William James, etc.
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Science of Behaviour: 4th school of Psychology (20th century-)
Most Important Ideology
Supporters: Watson, Woodworth, Skinner, etc.
Nature of Psychology
- Psychology is the science of behaviour– In psychology, all types of behaviour of humans and animals are studied.
- Psychology is a psychosocial science– The systematic study of the development of an individual is done through psychology. (Individual + Social)
- Psychology is an art– Through psychology, perfection and beauty come in the behaviour of a person.
- Psychology is the science of development– New dimensions of psychology are being revealed through various researches, hence psychology is the science of development.
Forces in Psychology
Three Forces:
1) Psychoanalytical Psychology of Sigmund Freud
2) Behaviourism of J.B. Watson
3) Humanistic Psychology of Carl Rogers
| Important Facts- Professor Bose founded the Indian Psychoanalytical Association in 1922.In 1951, Carl Rogers propounded client-centered therapy. |
Definitions of Psychology
| “First psychology lost its soul, then it lost its mind, then it lost its consciousness. It still has behaviour of a sort.” | Woodworth |
| “Psychology is the study of behaviour in contact with the environment.” | Woodworth |
| “Psychology is the pure science of behaviour.” | Watson |
| “Psychology is the science of behaviour and conduct.” | McDougall |
| “Psychology is the science of behaviour and experience.” | Skinner |
| “Psychology is the study of human behaviour and human relationships.” | Crow and Crow |
The 20th century is called the century of the child. -Crow and Crow
